Das geschlossene Ökosystem in der Flasche

[av_textblock textblock_styling_align=” textblock_styling=” textblock_styling_gap=” textblock_styling_mobile=” size=” av-desktop-font-size=” av-medium-font-size=” av-small-font-size=” av-mini-font-size=” font_color=” color=” id=” custom_class=” template_class=” av_uid=’av-lefnngr6′ sc_version=’1.0′ admin_preview_bg=”] 1960 pflanzte David Latimer einen winzigen Garten in einer großen Glas-Flasche und versiegelte sie. Er öffnete die Flasche erst 12 Jahre später, 1972, um etwas Wasser hinzuzufügen und versiegelte sie dann endgültig!

Das sich selbst erhaltende Öko-System gedeiht seit fast 63 Jahren ! Für alle, die sich fragen, wie das überhaupt möglich ist: Der Flaschen-Garten ist ein perfekt ausgewogenes autarkes Öko-System.

Die Bakterien im Boden zersetzen abgestorbene Pflanzen-Teile und bilden Kompost, der den Pflanzen neue Nährstoffe zuführt. Dabei verbrauchen sie den von den Pflanzen produzierten Sauerstoff und setzen gleichzeitig Kohlendioxid (CO2) frei.

Mithilfe von Kohlendioxid, Wasser und Licht-Energie können die Pflanzen Photosynthese betreiben und Kohlenhydrate und Sauerstoff herstellen.

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Die Flasche ist also im Prinzip ein mikrokosmisches Abbild unserer Erde.

Was aber im Kleinen so schön anschaulich geklappt hat, hat im großen Maßstab dann kläglich und umfassend versagt. Im Rahmen von Kolonisationsstudien hat die NASA ein ähnliches Experiment gewagt und eine in sich geschlossene Station gebaut, die autark sein sollte.

Ein in sich geschlossenes Ökosystem in einer feindlichen Umwelt abbilden sollte, in der Menschen (Wissenschaftler) leben und sich nur aus ihr heraus ernähren und überleben (Sauerstoff) sollten. Diese Station wurde in einer Wüstenregion der USA gebaut.

Das Projekt hieß Biosphere 1 und 2 und scheiterte an Kleinigkeiten wie Bakterien im Boden, die mit der Zeit den Sauerstoff der Station verbrauchten und so das Überleben der Besatzung gefährdeten.

Das Experiment sollte die Überlebensfähigkeit autarker Weltraumstationen oder Basen auf dem Mars testen. Also in Umgebungen, aus denen heraus keine weiteren Ressourcen gewonnen werden können…

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