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Bei der letzten Engpassanalyse hat die Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA) 148 Berufe mit Anzeichen eines Engpasses in Deutschland gezählt.
Die BA “bewertet einmal jährlich die Fachkräftesituation am Arbeitsmarkt. Anhand von 6 statistischen Indikatoren (u.a. Vakanzzeit, Arbeitsuchenden-Stellen-Relation) wird dabei für alle Berufsgattungen […], soweit belastbare Daten vorliegen, ein Punktewert ermittelt.
Ist dieser größer gleich 2,0 handelt es sich um einen Engpassberuf.” Im Bereich der Fachkräfte (72 Engpassberufe) fehlt beispielsweise in vielen Handwerksberufen Nachwuchs, aber auch in der Pflege und Altenpflege oder im Rettungsdienst ist die Lage schwierig.
Immerhin, im Vergleich zu 2019 ist die Zahl der Engpassberufe sichtbar zurückgegangen, wie der Blick auf die Statista-Grafik zeigt. Ein Grund zum Aufatmen ist das indes nur begrenzt.
Denn wo Anzeichen eines Engpasses besteht droht mitunter mehr als nur lange Wartezeiten bei der Reparatur von Auto oder Waschmaschine.
So sind bei den Spezialst:innen (41 Engpassberufe) etwa Lehrkräfte für berufsbildende Fächer oder Berufe in der Kinderbetreuung gelistet. Von 35 Expert:innen-Engpässen beziehen sich zwölf auf Ärzt:innen (z.B. Haut- oder Zahnärzt:innen) und andere medizinische beziehungsweise pharmazeutische Berufe.
von
Mathias Brandt,27.03.2023
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